Отправлено: 29.07.10 02:22. Заголовок: Обсуждаем книгу Tiab-Donaldson PETROPHYSICS 2ed

Недавно она была переведена на русский и оценена на порядок дороже книг Кобрановой и Добрынина-Венделшьштейна-Кожевникова
Наверное имеет смысл оценить ее достоинства и недостатки
Набравв в Google.com слова:
Tiab petrophysics
легко выйти на английский текст в PDF
(прямую ссылку мешает дать Yandex)




AbouttheAuthors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xviii
Acknowledgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xx
Preface to the First Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi
Preface to the Second Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .XXIII
Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv
...
C H A P T E R 1
Introduction to Mineralogy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Mineral Constituents of Rocks-A Review, 2
Igneous Rocks, 7
Metamorphic Rocks, 9
Sedimentary Rocks, 10
Properties of Sedimentary Particles, 14
Development and Use of Petrophysics, 20
Objectives and Organization, 22
Problems, 24
Glossary (Chapter I), 24
References, 26
C H A P T E R 2
Introduction to Petroleum Geology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Review of Composition of the Globe, 29
Crust, 31
Plate Tectonics, 32
Geologic Time, 34
Basins, 37
Divergent Continental Margins, 38
Convergent Continental Margins, 39
Transform Continental Margins, 39
Transgressive-Regressive Cycles, 39

Accumulation of Sediments, 40
Hydrocarbon Traps, 44
Transformation of Organics Into Kerogen, 47
Transformation of Kerogen Into Oil and Gas, 48
Primary Migration, 50
Secondary Migration, 51
Properties of Subsurface Fluids, 53
Hydrostatic Pressure Gradient, 54
Lithostatic Pressure Gradient, 54
Geothermal Gradient, 55
Oilfield Waters, 58
Petroleum, 65
Petroleum Chemistry, 71
Problems, 81
Nomenclature, 83
Greek Symbols, 84
Subscripts, 84
Origin of Petroleum, 46
Migration and Accumulation of Petroleum, 49
References, 85
C H A P T E R 3
Porosity and Permeability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Porosity, 88
Factors Governing the Magnitude of Porosity, 89
Engineering Classification of Porosity, 91
Geological Classification of Porosity, 9 1
Visual Description of Porosity in Carbonate Rocks, 94
Fluid Saturation, 96
Quantitative Use of Porosity, 97
Classification of Permeability, 101
Factors Affecting the Magnitude of Permeability, 102
Kozeny Correlation, 106
Concept of Flow Units, 112
Mathematical Theory of Flow Units, 114
Specific Surface Area, 116
Flow Unit Characterization Factors, 120
Effect of Packing on Permeability, 130
Effect of Water Saturation on Permeability, 132
Permeability from NMR Log, 134
Permeability-Porosity Relationships in Carbonate Rocks, 136
Directional Permeability, 147
Reservoir Heterogeneity, 159
Distribution of Rock Properties, 162
Permeability and Porosity Distributions, 163

Permeability from Well Test Data, 180
Statistical Zonation Technique, 185
Problems, 193
Nomenclature, 196
Subscripts, 197
Superscripts, 198
Greek Symbols, 198
References, 198
C H A P T E R 4
Formation Resistivity and Water Saturation . . . . . . . . . . 203
Formation Resistivity Factor, 204
Resistivity Measurement, 204
Determination of Formation Water Resistivity, 206
Correlation between FR and Porosity, 2 17
Correlations between FR and Tortuosity, 2 19
Correlations between FR and Cementation, 221
Theoretical Formula for FR, 224
Correlation between FR and Water Saturation, 229
Correlation between FR and Permeability, 239
Water Saturation in Shaly (Clayey) Reservoir Rocks, 243
Approximate Shale Relationship, 249
Generalized Shale Relationship, 250
Resistivity of Shaly (Clayey) Reservoir Rocks, 242
Flow Units for Shaly Sandstones, 253
Lab-Derived Evaluation of Shaly (Clayey) Reservoir Rocks, 257
Log-Derived Evaluation of Shaly (Clayey) Reservoir Rocks, 283
Formation Evaluation, 283
Core Analysis, 284
Well Log Analysis, 285
Problems, 301
Nomenclature, 305
Subscripts, 308
Greek Symbols, 308
References, 309
C H A P T E R 5
Capillary Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Capillary Pressure, 3 13
Derivation of the Capillary Pressure Equation, 3 14
Capillary Rise, 318
Capillary Pressure J-Function, 320
Semipermeable Disk Measurement of Capillary Pressure, 322
Measurement of Capillary Pressure by Mercury Injection, 324
Centrifuge Measurement of Capillary Pressure, 330
Laboratory Procedure, 330
Calculation of Centrifuge Capillary Pressure Data, 333

. .360
Interfacial Tension, 361
Contact Angle, 362
Sessile Drop Measurement of Contact Angles, 364
Wilhelmy Plate Measurement of Contact Angles, 366
Surface Chemical Properties, 367
Amott Wettability Index, 371
USBM Wettability Index, 373
Combined Amott-USBM Wettability Test, 375
Spontaneous Imbibition Wettability Test, 377
Fluid Displacement Energy, 378
Effect of Wettability on Oil Recovery, 384
Effect of Brine Salinity on Oil Recovery, 389
Treatment of the Rock, 390
Addition of Fluid-Soluble Compounds to Water and Oil, 391
Aging the Oil-Brine-Rock System, 394
Effects of Temperature and Pressure, 395
Restoration of Original Wettability, 397
Efect of Wettability on Electrical Properties, 398
Problems, 403
Nomenclature, 404
Greek Symbols, 405
Subscripts, 406
Evaluation of Wettability, 371
Waterail-Rock Interfacial Activity, 382
Alteration of Wettability, 390
References, 406
C H A P T E R 7
Applications of Darcy’s Law. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415
Darcy’s Law, 416
Linear Flow of Incompressible Fluids, 4 17
Linear Flow of Gas, 420
Darcy’s and Poiseuille’s Laws, 424


Linear Flow through Fractures and Channels, 425
Flow through Fractures, 426
Flow through Solution Channels, 43 1
Steady-state Flow, 435
Pseudosteady-state Flow, 437
Radial Laminar Flow of Gas, 447
Turbulent Flow of Gas, 452
Linear Turbulent Flow, 452
Friction Factor of Porous Rocks, 459
Turbulent Radial Flow, 466
Layered Reservoirs with Crossflow, 469
Layered Reservoirs without Crossflow, 470
Composite reservoirs, 474
Radial Flow Systems, 434
Multiple-Permeability Rocks, 469
Problems, 479
Nomenclature, 483
References, 484
Greek Symbols, 484
C H A P T E R 8
Naturally Fractured Reservoirs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488
Introduction, 488
Origin of Permeability in Carbonate Rocks, 490
Geological Classifications of Natural Fractures, 490
Engineering Classification of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs, 492
Indicators of Natural Fractures, 495
Visual Identification of Fractures, 500
Petrophysical Properties of Naturally Fractured Rocks, 500
Fracture Porosity Determination, 502
Porosity Partitioning Coefficient, 506
Fracture Intensity Index, 51 1
Permeability-Porosity Relationships in Double Porosity
Systems, 515
Porosity and Permeability Relationships in Type 1 Naturally
Fractured Reservoirs, 518
Fractures Porosity and Aperture from Cores, 520
Specific Area of Fractures, 524
Effect of Fracture Shape, 526
Hydraulic Radius of Fractures, 527
Type 2 Naturally Fractured Reservoirs, 529
Fracture Area, 531
Fracture Storage Capacity, 532
Fracture Conductivity, 533
Fluid Flow Modeling in Fractures, 531
Characterizing Natural Fractures from Well Test Data, 534
Problems, 548
xi

Nomenclature, 550
Subscripts, 550
Greek Symbols, 551
References, 551
C H A P T E R 9
Effect of Stress on Reservoir Rock Properties a a a a a a a a a 554
Static Stress-Strain Relation, 555
Stress Analysis, 556
Strain Analysis, 559
Two-Dimensional Stress-Strain Systems, 560
Rock Deformation, 561
Hooke’s Law, 562
Stressstrain Diagrams, 571
The Mohr Diagram, 574
Dynamic Elastic Properties, 577
Rock Strength and Hardness, 580
Rock Hardness, 584
Compressibility of Porous Rocks, 586
Pore Compressibility, 586
Effectiveness of Pore Pressure in Countering Stress, 591
Effect of Pore Compressibility on Reserves Calculations, 594
Converting Lab Data to Reservoir Data, 596
Effect of Stress on Porosity, 600
Effect of Stress on Permeability, 603
Effect of Stress on Resistivity, 604
Porosity-Permeability-Stress Relationship, 606
Effect of Stress on Fracturing, 62 1
Effect of Stress on Core Data, 599
Effect of Poisson’s Ratio on Fracture Gradient, 621
FG for Offshore Wells, 626
Effect of Poisson’s Ratio on Fracture Dimensions, 632
In-Situ Stress Distribution, 637
Effect of Stress Change on Rock Failure, 643
Change in Stress Field Due to Depletion and Repressurization, 644
Stress Relationship at the Wellbore, 645
Estimating Critical Borehole Pressure in Vertical Wells, 646
Critical Borehole Pressure in Horizontal Wells, 647
Critical Pore Pressure, 649
Example of a North Sea Reservoir, 650
Porosity as Strength Indicator to Evaluate Sand Production, 653
Problems, 659
Nomenclature, 664
Subscripts, 664
Greek Symbols, 665
References. 666
xii

C H A P T E R 10
Fluid-Rock Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671
Importance of Near-Wellbore Permeability, 67 1
Nature of Permeability Damage, 674
Origin of Permeability Damage, 675
Types of Permeability Damage, 677
Effect of Fines Migration on Permeability, 685
Types and Sizes of Fines, 686
Fines Migration, 695
Migration of Foreign Solids, 709
Critical Velocity Concept, 709
Entrainment and Surface Deposition, 710
Entrainment and Plugging, 714
Identification of Permeability Damage Mechanisms, 7 19
Permeability Damage from Foreign Solids, 720
Permeability Damage from Formation Fines, 726
Effect of Water Quality on Permeability, 73 1
External Filter Cake Buildup, 734
Internal Filter Cake Buildup, 736
Injectivity Decline from Plugging of Perforations, 740
Impairment from Wellbore Fillup, 742
Membrane Filtration Tests, 744
Core Filtration Tests, 747
Problems, 756
Nomenclature, 757
Subscripts, 758
Symbols, 758
References, 759
A P P E N D I X
Measurement of Rock and Fluid Properties . . . . . . .763
E X P E R I M E N T 1
Fluid Content of Rocks by the Retort Method. . . . . . . 764
Introduction, 764
Equipment and Procedures, 765
Equipment, 765
Retort Specimen, 765
Retort Calibration, 766
Retorting, 766
Sample Calculations, 766
Retort Calibration, 766
Results from the Test Specimen, 767
Saturation Calculations, 767
Questions and Problems, 767
References, 768
xiii


E X P E R I M E N T 2
Measurement of Saturation by Extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . 769
Introduction, 769
Equipment and Procedures, 770
Sample Calculations, 771
Questions and Problems, 771
References, 772
E X P E R I M E N T 3
Density, Specific Gravity, and API Gravity . . . . . . . . . . . . 773
Introduction, 773
Equipment and Procedures, 774
Measurement of API Gravity, 774
Westphal Balance, 775
Questions and Problems, 776
References, 776
E X P E R I M E N T 4
Specific Gravity of Gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .777
Introduction, 777
Equipment and Procedures, 777
Sample Calculations, 779
Questions and Problems, 779
References, 779
E X P E R I M E N T 5
Viscosity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .780
Introduction, 780
Equipment and Procedures, 780
Cannon-Fenske Viscometer, 78 1
Questions and Problems, 783
References, 783
E X P E R I M E N T 6
Fluorescence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784
Introduction, 784
Equipment and Procedures, 785
Questions and Problems, 786
References, 786
E X P E R I M E N T 7
Absolute and Effective Porosity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787
Introduction, 787
Equipment and Procedures, 788
Absolute Porosity from Grain Volume, 788
Grain and Bulk Volumes, 789
xiv

Effective Porosity, 790
Summary, 790
Porosity Measurement by Mercury Injection, 790
Porosity Measurement by Gas Compression/Expansion, 79 1
Statistical Evaluation of Porosity Data, 794
Questions and Problems, 797
References, 797
E X P E R I M E N T 8
Particle Size Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798
Introduction, 798
Equipment and Procedures, 798
Questions and Problems, 803
References, 803
Sieve Analysis Procedure, 80 1
E X P E R I M E N T 9
Surface AreaofSediments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804
Introduction, 804
Equipment and Procedure, 805
Questions and Problems, 81 1
References, 81 1
E X P E R I M E N T 10
Absolute Permeability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813
Introduction, 813
Equipment and Procedures, 814
Absolute Permeability Using a Liquid, 814
Absolute Permeability Using a Gas, 8 15
Effect of Overburden Pressure on Absolute Permeability, 817
Run 1,818
Run 2,818
Sample Calculation 1, 819
Sample Calculation 2, 820
Sample Calculations, 817
Questions and Problems, 820
References, 82 1
E X P E R I M E N T 11
Verification of the Klinkenberg Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 822
Introduction, 822
Equipment and Procedures, 822
Sample Calculations, 823
Experimental Data, 823
Questions and Problems, 825
References, 825
xu

E X P E R I M E N T 12
Relative Permeability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 826
Introduction, 826
Steady-State Method, 827
Unsteady-State Method, 828
Equipment and Procedures, 828
Questions and Problems, 833
References, 834
E X P E R I M E N T 13
Basic Well Log Petrophysical Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . 835
Introduction, 835
Equipment and Procedures, 837
Resistivity of the Formation Water, 837
Rock Resistivity Saturated with Brine, 837
Sample Calculations, 839
Questions and Problems, 840
References, 840
E X P E R I M E N T 14
Surface and Interfacial Tensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841
Introduction, 841
Equipment and Procedures, 84 1
Sample Calculations, 844
Questions and Problems, 844
References, 845
E X P E R I M E N T 15
Capillary Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . 846
Introduction, 846
Equipment and Procedures, 847
Core Preparation for Capillary Pressure Measurement, 847
Mercury Injection Method, 848
Porous Diaphragm Method, 848
Centrifuge Method, 850
Sample Calculations, 856
Questions and Problems, 858
References, 861
E X P E R I M E N T 16
Pore Size Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . 862
Introduction, 862
Equipment and Procedures, 863
Sample Calculations, 864
Questions and Problems, 864
References, 865
xvi

X P E R I M E N T 17
Determination of Z-Factors for Imperfect Gases . . . . . . . . 866
Introduction, 866
Equipment and Procedures, 869
Questions and Problems, 869
References, 870
Van Der Waals’ Equation, 868
E X P E R I M E N T 18
Basic Sediment and Water (BS&W) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871
Introduction, 871
Equipment and Procedures, 871
Questions and Problems, 872
References, 872
E X P E R I M E N T 19
Point-load Strength Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873
Introduction, 873
Equipment and Procedures, 873
Sample Calculations, 874
Questions and Problems, 875
References, 875
Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .876
Preservation of Cores, 876
Synthetic Brine Solutions, 878
Dead-Weight Tester, 878
Procedure, 879
References, 879
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .881
xvii